Carton Boxes

A carton is one of those everyday items you might take for granted, or perhaps you have asked yourself as you push your shopping cart past aisle after aisle of products on the shelves. It is a standard sheet of corrugated board is made from three components; a sheet of corrugated fluted paper sandwiched between an outside liner.

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Corrugated Board

A standard sheet of corrugated board is made from three components; a sheet of corrugated fluted paper sandwiched between an outside liner. Each side of the fluting (medium) is glued to a sheet of flat liner paper. This gluing fixes or anchors the flutes to the linear boards with adhesive, it resists bending and pressure from all directions thus capable of supporting considerable amount of weights and also gives the lightweight paper especially high stability.

Albert L. Jones is the father of corrugated board. Born in America, Jones discovered the idea while manufacturing neck ruffs and frills on a pleating machine. Instead of using fabric he put paper through the milling cylinders to produce an elastic packaging material. In December 1871 he was granted a patent. In 1874 Oliver Long achieved a considerable improvement by gluing a fluted sheet of corrugating medium onto a linerboard, thus creating single face corrugated board. The first attempts to make corrugated board in Europe were started in 1883, in London. This was followed three years later, in 1886, by the first corrugated board factory on the continent at Kirchberg in Germany.

Types of Paper used for making Cartons

corrugated paper sheets Basic material for the production of corrugated board is the paper-board. There are two main type of paperboard. There are two main types of paperboard: Kraft and Test.

Kraft Paper: Comes from softwood trees - the strongest form of paper and the best to print on this is the most common outside liner for corrugated boxes.
Test Paper: This is so-called double layer paperboard (duplex paper). Most standard cartons use recycled paper for the fluting and the inside liner.

Each sheet of liner paper is commonly composed of two layers. The finer cover layer is ideal for printing and aesthetics, and the basic layer is excellent for adhesion strength.

Thickness: After the paper type, the next thing to look at is the Thickness. This is measured the same way for all papers. Take one square meter of your paper and weight it. The result is XX grams per square meter (which is abbreviated to GSM). Example photocopy paper = 80gsm

Board Grades

Combining all of the above, it is possible to specify a simple short description that defines the board grade of a box. For example 125K/B/125T. This means a corrugated box, made from 125gsm Kraft outer liner, B fluting and 125gsm Test inner lining.

Types of Cartons

Regular Slotted Carton (RSC)

Also called shipping boxes, RSCs are the most commonly used boxes. They are usually Kraft brown in color, have four flaps on the top and bottom and the side walls are sealed at one corner known as the "Manufacturer's Joint". This design is highly functional for most packing applications.

Full Telescope Design Carton (FTD)

A two-piece box with a separate lid that that fits over a bottom tray. For telescope type boxes the height (h) of the upper part (lid) should be given as a fourth measurement after an oblique stroke i.e.

350 (L) x 200 (B) x 120 (H) / 40 (h)

Two-Piece Carton with Separate Lid (CSL)

The "Manufacturer's Joint" is where the two ends of the side panels meet to form the box. At the point, the panels are fastened together with tape, staples or glue. The side panel thickness and content weight determine the type of seal used for the manufacture's joint. For example, glue is used for most single was boxes, but staples are found in some double was and in most triple wall boxes.

International Fiberboard Case Code

This code which is prepared in collaboration with ESBO (The European Solid Board Organization) contains a methodical presentation of all existing box design styles, a code number being assigned to each design. As a reference document, the code is used world-wide and it has been adopted by the United Nations.

Drawing Symbol	Code	Description
Cuts, Scores, Slits etc.	CL	Contours of erected cases or cutting lines of case blanks
	SC	Slotted Cuts
	CI	Crease Lines (inward bend)
	CO	Crease Lines (outward bend)
	SI	Slit-score lines (inward bend)
	SO	Slid-score Lines (outward bend)
	DS	Double score lines
	PL	Perforation lines
	SE	Soft Edge cutting lines
	TP	Tear perforation
Manufacturer's Joint	PC	Stitched Joint
	UC	Taped Joint
	NC	Glue Joint
Openings	PC	Handholds Stripped
	UC	Handholds non-stripped
	NC	Handholds non-stripped
Flute Direction	FD	Flute direction indicator

Manufacture’s Stamp

A way to be sure that the material of the box that you’re purchasing meets industry standards is to look for the Manufacture’s Certification Stamp, usually printed on one of the bottom flaps of the box. The stamp identifies the material as “single wall”, “double wall” or “triple wall”. It also certifies the Mullen Bursting Test (most common in 200 lbs. per square inch) or the Edge Crush Test (ECT 32 lbs. per inch). The Mullen Test measures the bursting strength of the corrugated linerboard while the Edge Crust Test measures linerboard stacking strength.

Carton Dimensions

All dimensions are expressed as internal dimensions and can be specified in mm, cm, or inches depending on buyer's specs.

Example L350 x W200 x H120

Length (L) = Longer dimension at the opening (Longer of the two slides)
Breadth (B) = Shorter dimension at the opening (shorter of the two sides)
Height (H) = Dimension from the top of the opening to these (perpendicular to length or width)

Linerboard Performance Standards

Max Weight Box/contents (lbs.)	Min Burst Test single/double wall (lbs, per sq. inch)	Min Edge Crush Test (ECT) (lbs. per in. width)
Single Wall Corrugated Boxes
20	125	23
35	150	26
50	175	29
65	200	32
80	250	40
95	275	44
120	350	55
Double Wall Corrugated Boxes
80	200	42
100	275	48
120	350	51
140	400	61
160	500	71
180	600	82
Double Wall Corrugated Boxes
240	700	67
260	900	80
280	1100	90
300	1300	112

Common Flute Sizes

Corrugated board has five common sizes of fluting, 'A','B','C','E' and 'F'. The letter designation refers to the order they were invented, not their relative size.

Corrugated Board Size	Corrugated Sheet Size	Flute Height	Flute per linear foot
A	5mm	4.7mm	33+/-3
B	4mm	3.6mm	39+/-3
B	3mm	2.5mm	47+/-3
E	2mm	1.5mm	90+/-3
F	1mm	0.6mm	120+/-3

« Previous Topic Plastic Polybag	Next Topic » Carton Strapping

Plastic bags are made from polyethylene. During processing, the polyethylene might be treated with any number of additives. For perfect presentation at the point of sale and protection against dirt and moisture garments are individually packed in poly bag, or multi packs or assorted packs.	A wide variety of tool and machine systems are available to strap cartons, eventual choice often being determined by through put and/or cost. Generally the easiest way to strap cartons is with a semi automatic machine that has a cycle time per strap of just over 2.0 seconds. Automatic and automated machines are frequently used for continuous bulk usage. Polypropylene (PP) strapping is an economical packaging solution designed for light to medium duty unitizing, palletizing and bundling.

Carton Markings

Carton markings are printed in clear black lettering and must be in accordance with the given layout. The contents of each export carton must be clearly indicated that the front end and at the back end. Generally the info contains info like Shipper's Address and Consignee Address, PO No. Style No., size/s, dept no., Color, carton Number, Total quantity, Factory ID, SKU No., Gross weight, Net weight, Country of Origin, Cartons must be properly marked for MIXED quantity, ODD Packing, Lot No. and packing list.

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