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Textile substrates are formed from yarns or fiber webs by several techniques including weaving, knitting, tufting, and nonwoven formation. Composites of textile substrates are formed by bonding two fabrics together by use of an adhesive to form a bonded substrate or backed substrate or by application of cut fibers to an adhesive-coated substrate to form a flocked substrate.
Carded Slivers are fed into the Draw-Frame and are stretched/Straightened and made into a single sliver. Also, fibre blending can be done at this stage. The cans that contain the sliver are placed along the draw-frame feeder rack, usually including eight pairs of cylinders (each pair is above the space occupied by a can),the lower cylinder is commanded positively, while the upper one rests on the lower one in order to ensure movement of the relative sliver that runs between the two.
The first functioning of rotor spinning, machine was presented at the ITMA in 1967.Yarn spinning according to the rotor spinning principle predominates for all nonconventional spinning methods.It omits the step of forming a roving.After drafting, the sliver is fed into a rotary beater.This device ensures that the fibers are beaten into a thin supply which enters a duct and gets deposited on the sides of the disc(rotor).The transportation of the fibers is achieved through air currents.
Carding is a mechanical process that breaks up locks and unorganized clumps of fiber and then aligns the individual fibers so that they are more or less parallel with each other. Carding can also be used to create blends of different fibers or different colors. Carding plays a crucial role in all spinning cycles particularly in the woolen spinning cycle, in which it incorporates different functions, all essential in order to obtain the level of quality required for the product.
Blow room is the starting of the spinning operation where the fiber is opened, cleaned, mixed, micro dust removed and evened thus passed to carding machine without increasing fiber rupture, fiber neps, broken seed particles and without removing more good fibers. The basic functions of blow room are opening, cleaning, dust removal, blending and evenly feeding the material on the card.
The Ring Spinning is the most widely used form of the spinning machine due to significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning processes. The ring spinning machine is used in the textile industry to simultaneously twist staple fibers into yarn and then wind it onto bobbins for storage. The yarn loop rotating rapidly about a fixed axis generates a surface referred to as “balloon”. Ring frame settings are chosen to reduce yarn hairiness and the risk of glazing or melting the fiber.
The larger part of staple fibre, approx. 33 mio tons are processed in short staple spinning. This part of the spinning industry therefore is of great significance in the world of textile production.
For transforming filament fibres to yarns involve processes such as Wet spinning, Dry spinning, Melt spinning, Bi-component spinning, Bi-constituent spinning, ICS etc.
The Fibre formation process includes a change in shape, structure, and properties of the thermoplastic polymer. The polymer pellets or granules are fed into an extruder where, through heating, their melting temperature is exceeded. The polymeric melt is then transported, under pressure, to the spinneret. Yarn formation methods were originally developed for spinning of natural fibers including cotton, linen, wool and silk.
Yarn spinning is the process of manufacturing yarn from different types of fibres into a continuous length from one or more type of fibers. Spinning is the most important and the initial step in fabric manufacturing. The major goals of spinning is to produce the quality yarn from raw material, then remove the process faults followed by winding the short length bobbins on Cones. There are different types of spinning, the most commonly forms of spinning are: Ring, Rotor, Air Jet, Friction etc.