Supply Chain
Rolls nest like cannonballs — 87% pitch instead of 100%, worth a whole extra layer in a high cube.
— rolls
Limited by whichever of volume or payload binds
Perfect nesting from the second layer is assumed, which needs the stack to be restrained — unsupported nested rolls roll, and a load that shifts in transit is a claim rather than a saving. Volume utilisation can never approach 100% with cylinders: the theoretical maximum for equal cylinders is about 91% and the interstitial space is unusable, so a figure in the mid-60s is a normal good result rather than a poor one. Rolls of mixed diameters pack differently again and generally worse than the uniform case computed here.
Fabric Roll Container Loading & Volume Optimizer — free, with the formula and a worked example, at Textile School.