Finishing
Slip has two parts: the cylinder carrying the rollers along the cloth, and the rollers spinning on their own axes.
— m/min
Relative speed of wire points over the cloth. This is the raising action
This is kinematics and nothing else: it says how far the wire travels over the cloth, not what that travel does to it, which depends on wire specification, point angle, working depth, fibre type and moisture in ways no closed form captures. Two machines with identical slip speeds and different wire will not produce the same hand. Fabric speed is taken as the delivery-roller setting, which assumes the cloth does not slide on the cylinder; that holds while tension is adequate and fails exactly when a light fabric is run too slack, and a cloth slipping on the cylinder is raising itself unevenly along its length rather than uniformly. The counter-pile figure is reported as a signed slip so its direction is visible: a positive counter-pile slip means the roller is not opposing the cloth at all and both sets are raising, which is a legitimate aggressive setting and not the balanced action the name implies. Relative travel accumulates across passes as a first approximation only, since each pass presents an already-raised surface to the wire and removes less than the one before.
Raising Drum Kinematics & Pile Action Balance — free, with the formula and a worked example, at Textile School.