Yarn Spinning & Preparation
A 2-ply of 40s is coarser than 20s once contraction is counted. This shows by how much.
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True delivered count after contraction
Contraction typically runs 2-5% for normal ply twist and higher for hosiery or crepe twists. Measure it on your own doubler rather than assuming.
Resultant Count for Plied & Folded Yarns — free, with the formula and a worked example, at Textile School.