Ring Spinning
Spinning tension goes with the square of spindle speed. Yarn strength does not go up at all.
— %
The margin the yarn is running on
The tension model is the standard centrifugal balance and gives the order and the trend correctly, but the friction coefficient and the balloon factor are lumped empirical terms that vary with traveller profile, ring condition, lubrication, yarn hairiness and humidity - so treat the absolute tension as indicative and the comparison between conditions as reliable. Tension also varies through the cop build as the balloon height and the winding geometry change, and this computes a single representative value rather than the peak. Breakage rate is an input here, not a prediction: no model reliably predicts it from tension alone, because it depends on the weak-place distribution of the yarn. Efficiency loss counts spindle time only and excludes doffing, cleaning and lot changes, so it is not the whole gap between this figure and the machine efficiency entered.
Ring Spinning Tension, End Breakage Rate & Efficiency Loss — free, with the formula and a worked example, at Textile School.