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Fabrics are often printed with colour and patterns using a variety of techniques and machine types. It is the process of transferring colour, pattern, motif or decoration of one or more colours in any one of a variety of methods or techniques to fabric. It involves the surface application of colour in a predetermined pattern, design or motif by manual or mechanical directed discharge, direct or resist methods.
The Dyes are classified based on the fibers to which they can be applied and the chemical nature of each dye. Dyes are complex unsaturated aromatic compounds fulfilling characteristics like intense color, solubility, Substantiveness, and fastness. Dyes can be defined as the different type of coloring particles which differ in each type from the other in chemical composition and are used for coloring fabrics in different colors and shades which are completely soluble in liquid media.
Dyeing can be performed using continuous or batch processes. Yarn dyeing is used to create interesting checks, stripes, and plaids with different-colored yarns in the weaving process. Substances which cause these changes are called dyestuffs.
Dyeing operations are used at various stages of production to add color and intricacy to textiles and increase product value. It chemically changes a substance so that the reflecting light appears colored.
Textile Finishing is any operation (other than preparation and colouring) that improves the appearance and/or usefulness of fabric after it leaves the loom or knitting machine. Finishing is the final series of operations that produces finished textile fabric from grey goods. Textile finishing usually includes treatments such as scouring, bleaching, dyeing and/or printing, the final mechanical or chemical finishing operations etc.
One method of decorating fabric is screen printing, in this, a pattern is painted onto a fine silk screen with resist emulsion. The core of the screen print process involves a fine mesh, or screen, which is stretched very tightly around an unyielding frame. Any area that is not to be printed, will be masked out on this screen or mesh. To create the print, the framed screen is positioned over the item to be printed along with a splodge of thick ink. The ink is pressed through the screen.