Covers fabric constructions from woven and knitted to nonwovens and composites. Details GSM, cover factor, drape, air permeability, pilling resistance, and handle. Includes test methods and how structure drives performance. This section explains practical decision criteria, typical test methods, and failure modes that matter in real production. Readers get checklists, calculation steps, and case examples connecting specifications to cost, reliability, and compliance. Links map core concepts to upstream inputs and downstream processes so choices remain consistent across sourcing, manufacturing, and end-use performance. Each article includes definitions, diagrams where helpful, and plain-language notes to help newcomers ramp quickly while giving experienced professionals the depth needed to troubleshoot and optimize. Standards references are cited with context, and whenever trade-offs exist, we make them explicit so you can defend decisions.
The vast variety of fabrics available today makes their identification important.We know that variety is created by using different fibers in combination. Knowledge of the fiber content of a fabric is, therefore, necessary to know its suitability, use, and care. Labels and salespersons are not always able to guide us.Fabric samples, Fabric specification, lead times are some of the ways to identify the fabric.
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We need to make sure that the customer is aware of the properties and characteristics of the fabrics. It is the designer’s responsibility to select the appropriate fabrics for their intended applications, but it is the responsibility of the fabric producer to provide as much information as possible to help customers make appropriate fabric selections. Like physical properties, style characteristics, tactile characteristics, utility characteristics, durability and so on.
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Fabric selection is a crucial step in designing a project because fabrics are designed for specific applications, a fabric manufactured for one purpose, may not be adaptable for another use.Therefore selecting the appropriate fabric is only the first step in providing serviceable fabrics for apparel manufacturing.Designers specify the fabric as part of their design concept. Designers may develop new styles for fabrics that have been successful.
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Weaving formulas for loom production, reed count, fabric GSM, cover factor, crimp and yarn requirement, each worked through one example cotton fabric.
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The quality of a final garment depends on the quality of a fabric when it is received as a roll. Even the most outstanding manufacturing methods cannot compensate for defective materials. Normally, 10% of the rolls received are inspected and evaluated based on a four-point system. This way, fabric related quality problems can be avoided before it is put into production.
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The blending of cellulosic fibers with man-made fibers to produce fabrics with improved characteristics has long been accepted throughout the world.
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Major weaving patterns such as plain, twill, satin, Dobby, Jacquard, Pique, Pile, its characteristics, usages and techniques.
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Weaving is the process of making cloth with two components, a warp, and a weft, and can be done by very simple techniques on a complicated loom.
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Fabrics can be constructed in a variety of ways, ranging from the matting together of fibrous materials to the intricate interlacing of complex yarn systems.
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In weaving, no matter what type of weaving is being done, four major operations are performed in sequence and are continuously repeated, they are Shedding, Picking, Beating Up, Taking Up and Letting Off.
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