Non-Woven Fabrics

Upholstered Furniture Applications

Dust covers on the bottom of upholstered chairs and sofas are generally made from Spunbonded polypropylene or polyester materials. These fabrics, generally black, hide the internal seating construction and prevent house pets or insects from penetrating the upholstered furniture from below.

Decking fabrics are the materials under the loose seat cushions. Engineered nonwoven fabrics are often used to replace the higher-cost outer fabric. These nonwoven fabrics are usually white but can be colored to coordinate with the upholstered furniture’s outer fabric. These fabrics are relatively heavy, in the 100-135 grams/meter² range, as they must be strong enough to withstand stretching forces and hold sewing stitches and construction staples.

Cushion and pillow inserts hold the stuffing, such as fiberfill or feathers together to prevent leakage and allow the user to clean or replace the outer fabric. Engineered nonwoven fabrics have captured a high level of penetration by replacing woven cotton materials. Spunbonded materials in this application are usually 40-50 grams/meter².

Upholstered arm and seat are covered with engineered nonwoven fabrics to provide support for the foam or other cushioning materials covering the wooden frame. These nonwoven fabrics must be strong enough to hold construction staples. Spring insulators are often made of needle-punched nonwoven materials. Needle punched nonwovens are relatively abrasion resistant and have the strength to hold staples that fasten the upholstery to the wood frame.

Tailored skirts are found on some upholstered sofas and chairs. Spunbonded polyester nonwoven fabrics can be sewn or bonded to the face material providing stiffness or retaining pleats.

Pull Strips are often made from narrow strips of engineered nonwoven materials that are sewn to the upholstery fabrics. The upholsterer uses these strips to pull the fabrics tightly over springs and fasten the material to the wooden frame. Engineered nonwoven fabrics compete with a wide assortment of other materials and must be strong enough to hold the stitching and staples. Often fabric scraps are in this end-use.

Bedding Applications

Quilt backing used in bedding construction is one of the larger end-uses for engineered nonwoven fabrics. Nonwoven fabrics are the backing material to which the mattress ticking and foam or fiberfill is quilted. The quilted nonwoven mattress ticking must be strong enough to resist tearing after sewing the mattress top and bottom to the mattress side panels or flanges. Weights of non-woven fabrics used here vary widely with weights as low 10-15 grams/ meter² and range up to almost 50 grams/meter² where more “puff” is desired in the quilt.

Flanges are the panels of material that surround the edge of the mattress and join the mattress top and bottom together. Medium weight Spunbonded materials generally are wrapped individually so that they can function separately and quietly. Needle punched material is favored because it resists abrasion, has adequate strength, and is heat sealable.

Mattress Ticking used on inexpensive mattresses is occasionally made from printed Spunbonded polypropylene. Good stability, strength, and the ability to accept a print are the key requirements for this application.

Insulators made of various types of engineered nonwoven fabrics are used in mattress construction to cover springs. Needle punched material is often found here and must have sufficient strength to be fastened into place and resist abrasion.

Hard Armor Underlayment

Soil migration and the buildup of hydrostatic pressure are two of the leading causes of failure in hard armor, such as rock riprap and concrete block systems, along shorelines and waterways. Nonwoven geotextiles act as a filter to help prevent subsurface soil migration and relieve hydrostatic pressure beneath hard armor erosion control systems. 801 and 401 meet the requirements for Class 1 and Class 3 erosion control geotextiles, respectively, as outlined in AASHTO M288.

Landfill Leachate Collection

When placed in intimate contact with a geonet or drainage stone, medium-weight Nonwoven geotextiles can filter soil and waste while allowing water and leachate to pass. An efficient design utilizing recommended Nonwoven geotextiles can lead to proper leachate management in new landfill cells, and rapid surface water collection and removal in closure plans.

Subsurface Retention/ Detention Systems

Underground storm water retention systems incorporate large diameter pipes to hold runoff in a defined area until the surrounding soil can accept it. Detention systems, on the other hand, consist of large diameter pipes that detain all runoff exceeding the allowable amount and release it through an outlet pipe at a controlled rate. Some systems are a combination of both. In each case, subsurface retention/detention systems provide maximum use of land, require little maintenance, and do not diminish the aesthetics of the development.

Geomembrane Protection

Heavyweight and ultra-heavyweight Nonwoven geotextiles cushion and protect geomembranes from damage by sharp objects, elevating puncture, impact, and abrasion resistance. Nonwoven geotextiles up to 1350gr/m² (40 oz/yd²) are also available for the most challenging applications

Gas Collection

Heavyweight and ultra-heavyweight Nonwoven geotextiles provide collection and lateral transmission of liquids and gasses that may build up beneath flexible geomembranes used in the closure and capping of waste facilities.

Hard Armor Underlayment

Soil migration and the buildup of hydrostatic pressure are two of the leading causes of failure in hard armor, such as rock riprap and concrete block systems, along shorelines and waterways. Nonwoven geotextiles act as a filter to help prevent subsurface soil migration and relieve hydrostatic pressure beneath hard armor erosion control systems. 801 and 401 meet the requirements for Class 1 and Class 3 erosion control geotextiles, respectively, as outlined in AASHTO M288.

Landfill Leachate Collection

When placed in intimate contact with a geonet or drainage stone, medium-weight Nonwoven geotextiles can filter soil and waste while allowing water and leachate to pass. An efficient design utilizing recommended Nonwoven geotextiles can lead to proper leachate management in new landfill cells, and rapid surface water collection and removal in closure plans.

Subsurface Retention/ Detention Systems

Underground storm water retention systems incorporate large diameter pipes to hold runoff in a defined area until the surrounding soil can accept it. Detention systems, on the other hand, consist of large diameter pipes that detain all runoff exceeding the allowable amount and release it through an outlet pipe at a controlled rate. Some systems are a combination of both. In each case, subsurface retention/detention systems provide maximum use of land, require little maintenance, and do not diminish the aesthetics of the development.

Geomembrane Protection

Heavyweight and ultra-heavyweight Nonwoven geotextiles cushion and protect geomembranes from damage by sharp objects, elevating puncture, impact, and abrasion resistance. Nonwoven geotextiles up to 1350gr/m² (40 oz/yd²) are also available for the most challenging applications

Gas Collection

Heavyweight and ultra-heavyweight Nonwoven geotextiles provide collection and lateral transmission of liquids and gasses that may build up beneath flexible geomembranes used in the closure and capping of waste facilities.

Polyimide Nonwoven Aramid Laminate And Prepreg (85nt)

85NT is a pure polyimide laminate and prepreg system (Tg = 250°C), reinforced with a non- woven aramid substrate. This system combines the high-reliability features of polyimide (improved PTH reliability and temperature stability) with the low in-plane (x,y) expansion and outstanding dimensional stability of a non-woven aramid reinforcement.

Features

• Low in-plane (x,y) expansion of 6-9 ppm/°C allows attachment of SMT devices with minimal risk of solder failure joint failure due to CTE mismatch
• Nonwoven aramid reinforcement provides outstanding dimensional stability and enhanced registration for improved multilayer
• The decomposition temperature of 426°C, compared with 300-360°C for typical high-performance epoxies, offering outstanding high-temperature lifetime performance
• Polymeric reinforcement results in PCBs typically 25% lighter in weight than conventional glass-reinforced laminates
• Laser and plasma ablatable for high sp microvias and other features as
• Electrical and mechanical properties m IPC-4101/53.
• Compatible with lead-free

Typical Applications

• Military and commercial avionics, missiles and missile defense, satellites, and other high-reliability SMT applications requiring low in-plane (x,y) CTE values
• PCBs that are subjected to high temperatures during processing, such as lead-free soldering
• Applications with significant lifetimes at elevated temperatures, such as aircraft engine instrumentation, on-engine applications, or industrial sensors

Civil

Roadway Stabilisation / Separation: Roads and highways are built using geotextile to prevent aggregate from mixing with the subgrade. Drainage: Syntex nonwoven geotextiles are ideal for drainage applications. Unlike woven geotextiles (with the exception of monofilament drainage fabrics), polypropylene nonwovens resist clogging. Nonwovens are placed in direct contact with the earth where drainage stone, perforated drain coil, etc. may be placed. The nonwoven filters soil and waste while allowing water and leachate to pass.

Environmental

Geomembrane Protection: Syntex heavyweight nonwoven geotextiles will cushion and protect geomembranes from a puncture caused by aggregate and base course.

Gas Venting

Heavyweight nonwoven geotextiles are used for the collection and lateral transmission of liquids and gases that may build up under a geomembrane used in the capping of waste facilities.

Hard Armour Underlay

Syntex nonwoven geotextiles are recommended to help relieve hydrostatic pressure beneath hard armor and prevent soils from migrating to the surface providing an effective erosion control method.

Weed Control

A good nonwoven can be engineered to resist UV degradation for specific periods from 6 months to over 2 years. The product has proven to be an economical solution for highway embankments where traditional woven weed control fabrics have not provided adequate water flow to actively promote vegetation. Case studies are available. Again, polypropylene provides superior flow (in particular on slopes or in direct contact with the earth).

Technical

The Syntex range is manufactured to International Specification and tested by fully accredited laboratories. Properties are produced in both MARV and Typical.

Support and Installation

Permanent can provide designs by our own Geotechnical Engineers. Where our installation crews specified can provide on-site stitching using industry-standard methods.

New technology in non-woven fabrics

Non-woven fabric production such as felting and bonding is often used by manufacturers when producing fabrics with some of the new vegetable-based yarns, as these tend to have shorter staple fibers.

Designers are able to design their own original fabrics with the felting method. The industrial application of non-woven fabrics is ever-increasing and includes filtration systems, medical use, and insulating purposes.

The development of micro-encapsulation technology (enabling active substances to be fixed to the surface of the fiber or fabric) means many non-woven fabrics can be perfumed or anti-bacterial. Newer fibers like Lyocell can be made into non-woven fabrics, giving better absorption and high wet strength for products such as medical swabs.

Conclusion

Although the world market of nonwoven products continuously grows, it faces structural readjustment followed by the change of global economic condition, raw material capacity, and consumers’ needs and behavior. In addition, new expansionary manufacturers are emerging while the existing nonwoven producers are concerned about present consumers. This research focuses on the prediction of the future global nonwoven production by analyzing information about the global economic condition, the current market of nonwoven production, and the production trends of polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET) which are most widely used as raw materials in the nonwoven industry