Polyamide Fibers
The polyamide fibers include the nylons and the Aramid fibers. Both fiber types are formed from polymers of long-chain polyamides.
fiber
Acrylic Fibers
Acrylic fibres are polymers formed by addition polymerization of at least 85% by weight of a chemical called acrylonitrile or vinyl chanide. To polymerise vinyl cyanide the double bond between the first two carbon atoms is broken and the molecules attach themselves to each other in a linear chain.
Manmade Protein Fibers: A Revolution in Sustainable Textiles
Manmade protein fibers represent a promising and sustainable future for the textile industry. Their biodegradability, comfort, and versatility make them an attractive choice for eco-conscious consumers and businesses. As research and technology continue to advance, manmade protein fibers are likely to play a more significant role in creating textiles that are both environmentally friendly and high-performing. These fibers are a testament to the industry’s commitment to innovation and sustainability in the pursuit of a greener future. Manmade protein fibers are produced by dissolving proteins like casein from milk, soya bean protein, and zein from corn in diluted alkali and forcing these solutions through a spinneret into an acid-formaldehyde coagulating bath.
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Synthetic Fibers
The synthetic man-made fibers include the polyamides (nylon), polyesters, acrylics, polyolefin, vinyl, and elastomeric fibers, while the regenerated fibers include rayon, the cellulose acetates, the regenerated proteins, glass and rubber fibers
Man-made /Artificial fibers
Man-made fibers are fibers in which either the basic chemical units have been formed by chemical synthesis followed by fiber formation or the polymers from natural sources have been dissolved and regenerated after passage through a spinneret to form fibers. This fibre came to success when the researchers obtained a product by condensation of molecules presenting two reactive aminic groups with molecules characterised by two carboxylic reactive groups.
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Natural Fibers – fibers from the nature
All fibers which come from natural sources (animals, plants, etc.) and do not require fiber formation or reformation are classed as natural fibers. The natural fibers are vegetable, animal, or mineral in origin. Some of the natural fibers like vegetable fibers are obtained from the various parts of the plants. They are provided by nature in ready-made form. It includes the protein fibers such as wool and silk, the cellulose fibers such as cotton and linen, and the mineral fiber asbestos.
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Fiber Identification – tests to identify a fiber
A number of methods are available for characterization of the structural, physical, and chemical properties of fibers. Various methods are used for fiber identification like microscopic methods, solubility, heating and burning method, density, and staining etc. End-use property characterization methods often involve the use of laboratory techniques which are adapted to simulate actual conditions of average wear on the textile or that can predict performance in end-use.
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Properties essential to make a Fiber
Each fiber has particular properties which help us to decide which particular fiber should be used to suit a particular requirement. Certain fiber properties increase its value and desirability in its intended end-use but are not necessary properties essential to make a fiber.
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Textile Fibers – the building blocks of the textile industry
Fiber is a hair-like strand of material. It is flexible and can be spun or twisted for weaving, braiding, knitting, crocheting, etc. to make desired products. Fibers can be obtained in natural form from plants and animals as well as in synthetic form. Man-made or synthetic fibers are either made up of chemicals or by processing natural fibers to create new fiber structures/properties.
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